Saeed Masoumi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , September 2015, , Pages 113-143
Abstract
In this paper two viewpoints about scientific theories will be introduced. These two viewpoints are: 1- received view and 2- semantic view about scientific theories. It should be emphasized that our major focus is on the semantic view to scientific theories. The first one, now, does not have any considerable ...
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In this paper two viewpoints about scientific theories will be introduced. These two viewpoints are: 1- received view and 2- semantic view about scientific theories. It should be emphasized that our major focus is on the semantic view to scientific theories. The first one, now, does not have any considerable adherents and mainly logical positivist philosophers were its defenders. The received view has two important problems: 1- it is highly impractical that we want to formalize the scientific theories in the first order logic language and 2- its characterization of role and status of models in the scientific theories is inappropriate. We will notice that the semantic view, in particular the version that da Costa and French introduced, by its use of structure, can dissolve these problems and many problems that this view is involved with and this approach is in agreement with what scientists do in reality, in particular physicists try to model natural phenomena.
Mohammadmahdi Hatef; hosein sheykh rezaei
Abstract
Goodman was the first one who answered his own riddle of induction, although a relativist answer which opened a way for his constructivist ontological project. Realists, concerned with inductive knowledge, however, attempted to retrieve this kind of knowledge by attacking his answer and providing alternative ...
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Goodman was the first one who answered his own riddle of induction, although a relativist answer which opened a way for his constructivist ontological project. Realists, concerned with inductive knowledge, however, attempted to retrieve this kind of knowledge by attacking his answer and providing alternative answers to the riddle. Here I examine three reactions, by F. Jackson, C. Elder and P. Godfrey-Smith. This examination proceeds concentrating on the idea of natural kinds; whether this idea can open a (realist) way to deal with Goodman’s riddle? Jackson’s suggestion is examined borrowing Elder’s and Godfrey-Smith’s critics. Then I will go to Elder’s suggestion showing that it involves begging the question. Then Godfrey-Smith’s suggestion, which is indeed a reconstruction of Jackson’s idea that appealed to rules of statistical methodology instead of a philosophical conceptualization, is examined. This suggestion seems to me a prpoer idea to deal with Goodman’s riddle, on the on hand, and deeply relies on the idea of natural kinds, on the other. However, it is cannot disable Goodman’s own suggestion, which is also weaker metaphysically.
Abutorab Yaghmaie; Hossain Sheykhrezaee
Volume 2, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 115-135
Abstract
Most of the literature about philosophy of science in the last decade is devoted to the scientific representation. In this paper, both non-cognitive and cognitive as the main two approaches to the scientific presenting will be reviewed. In the first part, the scientific representation of the elements ...
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Most of the literature about philosophy of science in the last decade is devoted to the scientific representation. In this paper, both non-cognitive and cognitive as the main two approaches to the scientific presenting will be reviewed. In the first part, the scientific representation of the elements involved in it, regardless of the two approaches, are introduced. The second part deals with the representation of the non-cognitive theories, theories that "resemble" the basis of representation are defined. This section is divided into three patterns: the continuation of the concept of similarity (identity component, uniformity, and uniformity in part), which is defined based on the representation process. The third section is devoted to criticism of the cognitive approach. According to these critics, the similarity is neither necessary nor sufficient condition of its representation. Definition of the relationship between cognitive representations is provided at the end of this section. Finally, the fourth section we will Gyyry Hybrid Theory, which attempts to accommodate both the similarities and cognitive aspects. We will argue that his definition of representation is circular.
Hossein sheykhrezaee; Hamed Bikaraan-Behesht
Abstract
The issue of the role of social and cultural values in science has provoked many debates in the last few decades and researchers in science studies have approached the issue in different ways. The proponents of feminist science and epistemology are among those who have paid much attention to the issue. ...
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The issue of the role of social and cultural values in science has provoked many debates in the last few decades and researchers in science studies have approached the issue in different ways. The proponents of feminist science and epistemology are among those who have paid much attention to the issue. Some of the feminists believe that values play an undeniable role in the products of science. In particular, masculine values, they claim, have an essential role in the current scientific theories. Some of them even try to argue for the view that masculine values should be replaced with feminine ones. However, some other feminists reject the view, and among them is Helen Longino. Although Longino admits that masculine values have played some role in many scientific theories, she denies that there is a unique set of feminine superior values. In this paper, we examined Longino’s view on the role of values in science as well as feminist science. We criticized two elements of her view
Mohammad Mahdi Sadrforati
Abstract
About fifty years ago Ernst Mayr, a German biologist, and philosopher of science reminded other philosophers of science of the significance of biology in philosophical studies. By the second half of the nineteenth century, the orthodox philosophy of science was still largely leaned toward physics among ...
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About fifty years ago Ernst Mayr, a German biologist, and philosopher of science reminded other philosophers of science of the significance of biology in philosophical studies. By the second half of the nineteenth century, the orthodox philosophy of science was still largely leaned toward physics among other empirical branches of science. It took some decades for philosophers of science to gradually change their focus to biology, but the course of action still needs development. This paper highlights some critical problems that biological case studies may pose against philosophers’ understanding of the language of science. It will be seen that at least for some biological case studies, scientific theory alone cannot determine meaning and reference. Contrary to the orthodox philosophy of science, causal and descriptive components are also insufficient to do the task. This paper reveals some reasons behind these biological complications but ultimately claims that above everything this complication stems from the historicity of the reference of biological concepts.
Alireza Monajemi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 123-136
Abstract
One of the philosophical reflections on medicine is philosophy of science approach. Among several branches and schools in philosophy of science, Thomas Kuhn has more impact on medical philosophy. Based on the Kuhnian approach, it is proposed that modern medicine is a paradigm and at the present time ...
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One of the philosophical reflections on medicine is philosophy of science approach. Among several branches and schools in philosophy of science, Thomas Kuhn has more impact on medical philosophy. Based on the Kuhnian approach, it is proposed that modern medicine is a paradigm and at the present time it is facing a serious crisis. Two signs of this crisis are popularity of alternative medicine and spark off philosophical debate in medical society. In this article, I try to challenge this claim by asking four fundamental questions. According to the essence of medicine and the role of medicine in modern times, it is proposed that medicine does not fit well with the Kuhnian definition of paradigm. Medicine in its essence is much more a practice and the concept of paradigm is closer to biomedical science than medicine.
Mirsaeid Mousavi Karimi; Jahangir Moazenzade
Volume 6, Issue 11 , September 2016, , Pages 127-148
Abstract
Van Fraassen as an empiricist believes that ‘observation’ is perception of something without instruments. On the other hand, as a constructive empiricist, he adds a constraint based on which if something is observable does not automatically imply that its observing conditions are ready now. ...
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Van Fraassen as an empiricist believes that ‘observation’ is perception of something without instruments. On the other hand, as a constructive empiricist, he adds a constraint based on which if something is observable does not automatically imply that its observing conditions are ready now. Considering moons of Jupiter as observable entities and electron as an unobservable entity, he believes that we do not see the ‘electrons’ atomic theory shows us by microscope. Realist critics of van Fraassen without considering mentioned restriction and based on different reasons give examples such as extra solar planets and claim if we count these entities as observable entities we have to count electron as an observable entity as well. However, in this paper, based on the criterion of ‘existence or non-existence of observable reference by naked eye in suitable conditions’, which meet for all of the critic's examples, but does not meet for electron, we will argue, as van Fraassen has claimed, for counting electron as an unobservable entity
Mohammad Mahdi Sadrforati; Shadi Mohammadi
Abstract
Having ‘good sense’ in choosing among rival scientific theories was initially introduced by Pierre Duhem. According to him, where empirical evidence and logical rules cannot help to choose among scientific options, scientists need a further criterion to help them decide. However, Duhem left ...
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Having ‘good sense’ in choosing among rival scientific theories was initially introduced by Pierre Duhem. According to him, where empirical evidence and logical rules cannot help to choose among scientific options, scientists need a further criterion to help them decide. However, Duhem left this notion undeveloped and open for further discussions to find its nature and the way it works. This paper starts with evaluating David Stump’s and Milena Ivanova’s accounts, two major scholars in this debate. Having considered the cons and pros of each account, we will come up with a social understanding of ‘good sense’, according to which this notion is characterized by the way successful scientists actually theorize and practice science and the community of scientists accepts them.
saeid masoumi
Volume 7, Issue 14 , April 2018, , Pages 133-156
Abstract
The most important argument against scientific realism is pessimistic meta –induction. One of the main task of scientific realists is to make an effective rebuttal to this argument. In this paper we formulate a form of the argument, then consider the most important rebuttal that make against it, ...
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The most important argument against scientific realism is pessimistic meta –induction. One of the main task of scientific realists is to make an effective rebuttal to this argument. In this paper we formulate a form of the argument, then consider the most important rebuttal that make against it, concisely. Our claim is that the structural realism rebuttal is the most acceptable one, but its thesis, which is that what is preserve in the theory change is structure and science just represent the structural relations in the world, must be evaluated by considering scientific theories case by case in all scientific domain, such as physics , biology, chemistry, etc
Mohamad Amin Shafikhani; Hossein Motallebi Korbekandi
Abstract
“Metaverse” is a technological phenomenon that has attracted the special attention of the public and the elite. This new phenomenon, which is based on several new emerging technologies in the fields of information and communication, and which is more near to idea than implementation, has ...
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“Metaverse” is a technological phenomenon that has attracted the special attention of the public and the elite. This new phenomenon, which is based on several new emerging technologies in the fields of information and communication, and which is more near to idea than implementation, has brought several questions about; from questions about the nature of this phenomenon to questions about its various functions and effects. In answer to the question about the nature of metaverse various answers have been given, most of which are technical ones. In this article, we tend to deepen the answer to the question about the nature of metaverse, using the philosophical concept of “Lifeworld” and phenomenological analysis of Edmund Husserl, the eminent German philosopher and with the help of a philosophical approach to this strategic question, we have tried to provide an understanding of the nature of metaverse, not achieved by common technical answers alone. In this, after a technical explanation about the metaverse and a review of its phenomenology literature, we explain our theoretical innovation, and by introducing the metaverse as an "Artificial Lifeworld", explain its contrast with the "Traditional-Natural Lifeworld". at the end, we point out the results of this phenomenological approach to the metaverse and its effect on metaverse policy.
Emad Tayebi; Alireza Mansouri
Abstract
The ontological problem of technical artifacts is: what makes an object count as a technical artifact? Most theories have investigated the ontology of artifacts in terms of ‘function’. A group of these theories has highlighted the physical structure of the artifact because of its causal role ...
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The ontological problem of technical artifacts is: what makes an object count as a technical artifact? Most theories have investigated the ontology of artifacts in terms of ‘function’. A group of these theories has highlighted the physical structure of the artifact because of its causal role in realizing the function; Others, taking ‘function’ and ‘intention’ the same, have emphasized agents’ intention in the design and use of artifacts. Some have considered the evolution of artifacts, their history of selection and reproduction, to be effective in the constitution of their ontology. Due to the shortcomings of causal, intentional, and evolutionary theories, attempts have been made to present hybrid theories. This paper, along with an overview and evaluation of the most important theories of the ontology of technical artifacts, aims to spell out the problems which any adequate ontology of artifacts needs to answer.
Rahman Sharifzadeh; Parvin Badri
Volume 4, Issue 7 , October 2014, , Pages 139-155
Abstract
Kuhn’s world change claim has some problems; whether this change is an objective change (change in the world itself) or a subjective one (change in the mind)? Does objective ‘world change’ conform to the stability of sense stimulus? Whether subjective change is compatible with the incommensurability ...
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Kuhn’s world change claim has some problems; whether this change is an objective change (change in the world itself) or a subjective one (change in the mind)? Does objective ‘world change’ conform to the stability of sense stimulus? Whether subjective change is compatible with the incommensurability of perceptions of rival paradigms? Kuhn through his Darwinian- Kantian framework argues for the priori conditions of world perceiving and changing. As we will see, these conditions are the taxonomic structure of paradigms. We will argue that Kuhn can speak of the change of world itself in a commonsensical manner.
Gholam Hossein Moghaddam Heydari; Hamid Reza Ayatollahi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 143-161
Abstract
One of the popular theories of rationality of science is rationality as foundationism according to which rationality of a scientific theory is based on sense data upon which the theory has been constructed. The issue of certain data is, however, followed by many debates. In the present article, appealing ...
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One of the popular theories of rationality of science is rationality as foundationism according to which rationality of a scientific theory is based on sense data upon which the theory has been constructed. The issue of certain data is, however, followed by many debates. In the present article, appealing to Wittgenstein ideas about "certainty", authors present a new understanding of certainties in a scientific theory. According to this new understanding, each and every scientific theory consists of two kinds of propositions: fixed and fluid. Based on this classification of propositions of a scientific theory, a new idea is presented concerning rationality of scientific theories according to which a theory is rational if, firstly it is consistent and, second, it retains fixed propositions of the scientific society and replaces fluid propositions by other proper ones. Presenting historical evidence, the authors try to show that this idea is efficient and realistic if it is assessed according to standards of rationality which are based on evidency of sense data.
Hossein Nasrollahi; Morteza Sedaghat Ahangari Hossein Zadeh
Volume 4, Issue 8 , March 2015, , Pages 107-121
Abstract
There are, at least, three problems in Kripke’s theory of reference, including: 1. the problem of proper names referring: a proper name may refer to different referents in different possible worlds; 2. the problem of reference failure; and 3. the problem of referential infallibility of theoretical ...
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There are, at least, three problems in Kripke’s theory of reference, including: 1. the problem of proper names referring: a proper name may refer to different referents in different possible worlds; 2. the problem of reference failure; and 3. the problem of referential infallibility of theoretical terms. In this paper, first we elaborate these problems in more details. Then we show how Kripke himself solves the first problem appealing to the concept of ‘use’ and then we investigate how the other two problems can be solved with the same strategy. We also refer to Davidson’s triangulation thesis to show that linguistic community contributes in the determination of referent.
Seyed Javad Miri; Ali Ali Asghari Sadri
Volume 2, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 117-146
Abstract
In this essay, positivism is briefly introduced. Furthermore, Shariati’s opinion about positivists’ thought is expressed. In the first part, similarities between Shariati and positivism are probed. These similarities include scientific method, objectivity of natural science, accuracy and ...
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In this essay, positivism is briefly introduced. Furthermore, Shariati’s opinion about positivists’ thought is expressed. In the first part, similarities between Shariati and positivism are probed. These similarities include scientific method, objectivity of natural science, accuracy and credibility of natural science and relying on it, utilization of natural science methods in human science and distinguishing between identification and judgement. In the second part, differences between Shariati and positivism are probed.These differences include role of culture in science, critisizing scientific abstinence and the idea of “science for science”, efffect of individual and society on science (subjectivism), the difference between natural science and human science in accuracy and credibility, critisizing scientism, necessity of philosophy and metaphysics (refutation of empricism) and science need to identify human correctly. At the end, we conclude that Shariati is not compeletly a positivist and also is not compeletly against positivists.
fatemeh fallahi; Saeid Mirriahi; Hosein Soltanzadeh; Mohammad Mehdi Raeissamiei
Abstract
Applying computational rules has a major contribution in the coordination of architectural proportions and elements. Geometry science and its applications is one of the main features in Iranian architecture. The start of its development was in the eighth and ninth centuries and continued until the tenth ...
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Applying computational rules has a major contribution in the coordination of architectural proportions and elements. Geometry science and its applications is one of the main features in Iranian architecture. The start of its development was in the eighth and ninth centuries and continued until the tenth century. At this research for using the perspective of ninth century mathematician and thinker, Al’Kashi, is considered as measuring, calculating and regulating these elements in Timurid era. One of most important achievement of Al’Kashi is trisecting the angle and the circle which is the complimentary of the trigonometry and conic sections of Khayyam. The purpose of the research is to answer if calculations and ideas proposed by famous mathematicians such as Al’Kashi have the ability to use in architectural industry. The theoretical foundations of the current research are on this basis whether there is connection and relationship between theoretical and practical discussions of geometry and architecture. In the paper, based on the manuscripts left by Iranian mathematicians, the roots of their computational and graphical rules which the researchers consider them as the Menelaus theorem are evaluated by Python programming language in Rhino software. The results show that Al’Kashi's calculations and drawings were not just a practical-theoretical exercise and trigonometric rules have been used in static and stability of architectural features.
saeid masoumi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, , Pages 125-155
Abstract
Having considered those positions in which it seems quantum mechanics conflicts with scientific realism, we will show that through taking the stance most philosophers of science currently have on the concept of realism, and if one takes this realistic stance about scientific theory, one can have a realistic ...
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Having considered those positions in which it seems quantum mechanics conflicts with scientific realism, we will show that through taking the stance most philosophers of science currently have on the concept of realism, and if one takes this realistic stance about scientific theory, one can have a realistic view about quantum mechanics. Regarding to the scientific and the philosophical literature on quantum mechanics we may distinguish three kinds of scientific realism of which just two kinds conflict with quantum mechanics. So in one sense quantum mechanics is compatible with scientific realism
Abutorab Yaghmaie
Volume 8, Issue 15 , September 2018, , Pages 127-141
Abstract
The history of pure science-applied science distinction goes back to 19th century. Philosophers of science and technology and science studies practitioners since then have been involved in how to separate pure from applied science. The linear model of the distinction is one of the oldest models on which ...
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The history of pure science-applied science distinction goes back to 19th century. Philosophers of science and technology and science studies practitioners since then have been involved in how to separate pure from applied science. The linear model of the distinction is one of the oldest models on which the goal of pure science is acquiring knowledge, while applied science tries to solve practical problems. In this article, I will argue that the liner model to draw the distinction in nano-science is inadequate. So, another account is needed to distinguish them, provided that our assumption about the distinction per se in nano-science is applicable
Ali Paya; alireza mansouri
Volume 8, Issue 16 , March 2019, , Pages 131-158
Abstract
There is a significant conceptual difference between science and technology. Epistemologically, the so-called 'applied science' is a redundant concept; it can be included under the category of technology. In this paper we discuss, from a philosophical point of view, some of the reasons for the conflation ...
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There is a significant conceptual difference between science and technology. Epistemologically, the so-called 'applied science' is a redundant concept; it can be included under the category of technology. In this paper we discuss, from a philosophical point of view, some of the reasons for the conflation of science and technology. We shall further argue that such a conflation is not only an epistemological mistake, it also has many undesirable conceptual and practical consequences which impact on epistemological investigations as well as policy making in the fields of science and technology.There is a significant conceptual difference between science and technology. Epistemologically, the so-called 'applied science' is a redundant concept; it can be included under the category of technology. In this paper we discuss, from a philosophical point of view, some of the reasons for the conflation of science and technology. We shall further argue that such a conflation is not only an epistemological mistake, it also has many undesirable conceptual and practical consequences which impact on epistemological investigations as well as policy making in the fields of science and technology
Ali Reza Mansouri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 137-160
Abstract
In this Paper, Measurement Problem as one of the main dissociations of Quantum Mechanics from Classical Mechanics is discussed. By giving a brief overview of the theoretical models for solving this problem, we emphasize on philosophical considerations involved in choosing the best one.
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In this Paper, Measurement Problem as one of the main dissociations of Quantum Mechanics from Classical Mechanics is discussed. By giving a brief overview of the theoretical models for solving this problem, we emphasize on philosophical considerations involved in choosing the best one.
Alireza Monajemi
Abstract
In “Birth of the Clinic” Foucault's shows that it was not the natural sciences but the clinical medicine that laid the foundation for the humanities. At the end of the book The Birth of the Clinic, he argues that the humanities are based on modern clinical medicine. The importance of medical ...
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In “Birth of the Clinic” Foucault's shows that it was not the natural sciences but the clinical medicine that laid the foundation for the humanities. At the end of the book The Birth of the Clinic, he argues that the humanities are based on modern clinical medicine. The importance of medical science in the founding of the humanities, he says, is not purely methodological because human existence is defined or perceived as the object of positive science. Of course, Foucault does not make more of his claim and does not expand it. In this article I will try to show how this claim can be defended on the basis of his formulation of clinical medicine, and what implications it will have for the humanities.In order to understand comprehensively the thesis medicine should be framed based on the views of medical philosophers. Without these arrangements, it would be difficult to understand Foucault's claim. It seems that not only he has suspended implicitly or neglected many of philosophical issues of medicine in the Birth of the Clinic, but also his interpreters were unfamiliar with the tradition of medical philosophy. First, I'm trying to show that medicine is a different mode of thinking than the natural sciences, if that were not the case, Foucault's claim would be so trivial: human being has been transformed to the object by medicine, and it was then that the founding of the human sciences was inspired by the natural sciences, which is a mistaken belief. This section will be based on the views of Ludwig Falk on the serious differences between medical thinking and the natural sciences. I describe the structure of clinical medicine and its various disciplines and their interaction. In this is based on Kazem Sadeghzadeh ideas. In the next section, I will attempt to show how Foucault has formulated modern clinical medicine and its evolution in the form of three-level spatialization. In the final chapter, I will show how Foucault's formulation of clinical medicine can form the basis of the humanities. Thus this article appears to be an attempt to link the philosophy of medicine and the philosophy of the humanities through a new reading of the Birth of a Clinic
Vahid Taebnia
Abstract
Post-phenomenology can be considered as the pragmatist account of Husserl's and Heidegger's phenomenology. Thinkers of this new line of thinking attempt to apply the phenomenological methodology in the realm of science and technology studies in order to give an account of how the contemporary human being ...
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Post-phenomenology can be considered as the pragmatist account of Husserl's and Heidegger's phenomenology. Thinkers of this new line of thinking attempt to apply the phenomenological methodology in the realm of science and technology studies in order to give an account of how the contemporary human being and world are profoundly imbued with science and technology. To do this, they set forth an analysis of the role of technological atrefacts in the actualization of the modern framework of theoretical thinking, namely empirical science. Post-phenomenology revolves around the dependence of the post-Galileo science on the mediation of instruments and artefacts in human perception. Post-phenomenology also argues in favour of scientific realism by reliance on the presence of technical instruments within the structure of laboratory engagement. Post-phenomenologists benefit from both early and later Heideggerian insights on the nature of relations between science and technology; and yet, they pragmatically criticize Heidegger's later philosophy of science and technology. However, one must ask why and how such an "empirical turn" is fruitful in solving both theoretical problems and practical crises, made by modern science and technology
Ahmad Fazlinejad
Abstract
The prevalence of epidemics and how to deal with them is very important in understanding the changes of social history. Islamic societies in the Eastern Mediterranean have a lot in common features geographically, historically and culturally. One of the difficulties of Islamic societies in the Eastern ...
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The prevalence of epidemics and how to deal with them is very important in understanding the changes of social history. Islamic societies in the Eastern Mediterranean have a lot in common features geographically, historically and culturally. One of the difficulties of Islamic societies in the Eastern Mediterranean since the beginning of the rise of Islam and during the Muslim conquests and then throughout the Umayyad period was the unexpected outbreak of the plagues and the heavy casualties and the consequences that resulted from them. The results of this study show that the outbreak of the plague known as the Justinian plague in the late antiquity in the two empires of Rome and Iran and its transfer to the Islamic period, faced new problems for Muslims in the conquered lands and had far-reaching consequences for the developments of the first centuries of Islam. In this study by descriptive-analytical method the continuous prevalence of plague in a part of the history and geography of the Islamic world and its reflection in the historiography and intellectual and political issues of Muslims has been investigated.
reza sadeqi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , September 2015, , Pages 143-161
Abstract
According to the logical empiricists, the received view, a scientific theory is a set of propositions formalized in first-order logic. According to the rival view, semantic or non-propositional view, it is a set of models. In this article, I will argue that the received view cannot suggest an ...
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According to the logical empiricists, the received view, a scientific theory is a set of propositions formalized in first-order logic. According to the rival view, semantic or non-propositional view, it is a set of models. In this article, I will argue that the received view cannot suggest an acceptable model for identifying the generalized forces in classical mechanics. In the second section, the invariance of Lagrange equations and its consequences are discussed. Besides, I show that the invariance implies that alike physical magnitudes will be different dimensionally. The third section firstly introduces the last version of the received view. After that, it is argued that Lagrangian mechanics formalized in this view cannot identify alike physical magnitudes similarly. In the last section, the semantic view of Suppes-Sneed and Lagrangian mechanics in this view are introduced. Finally, I show that this view can identify alike physical magnitudes similarly.
Esfandiar ghafari nasab; Ali Akbari; Ali Asghar Nazari
Abstract
The present study will investigate some thoughts of Habermas, German sociologist and philosopher, which in Persian texts, less attention has been paid to it. One of the main aims of his research program has been approximating knowledge and life or Life-world, and this article attempts to present a systematic ...
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The present study will investigate some thoughts of Habermas, German sociologist and philosopher, which in Persian texts, less attention has been paid to it. One of the main aims of his research program has been approximating knowledge and life or Life-world, and this article attempts to present a systematic review of this effort of Habermas and his intellectual confrontations with other philosophical-social disciplines. The concept “Quasi-transcendental” plays a key role in this regard and it converts the Cartesian knowledge from the transcendental subject into a historical process arisen from the practical necessities. Therefore, this article has tried to clarify the meaning, roots, and functions of this concept. Accordingly, two books have a crucial stall: Knowledge and Human Interests and The Theory of Communicative Action. The findings show that: 1. the questions that Habermas in his book seek to answers in fact are the questions of Kant: (the common conditions of recognition possibility) 2. Quasi-transcendental interests are rooted in human life, which is a fundamental change in critical theories. 3. Habermas's epistemology seeks to revive the values of enlightenment and liberation from domination. 4. Habermas enters into debate with other intellectual disciplines through the formation of cognitive interests (transcendence of the Frankfurt School, a critique of postmodernism, and other philosophical disciplines).
