Aryan Kavosh; Faraz Golafshan; Nazanin Soleimani; Seyedeh parnian Hosseini kazerouni
Abstract
From a phenomenological perspective, we review the concept of empathy in medicine to identify the theoretical obstacles which have prevented reaching intersubjectivity and proper understanding. Where medicine has failed are: attending to subjectivities of patient and physician, recognizing the dynamic ...
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From a phenomenological perspective, we review the concept of empathy in medicine to identify the theoretical obstacles which have prevented reaching intersubjectivity and proper understanding. Where medicine has failed are: attending to subjectivities of patient and physician, recognizing the dynamic nature of empathy and acknowledging context-dependency of empathy. We also review the problematic practical consequences of this theoretical failure including serving medical paternalism, hindering medical practice, and being used as a tool for counterbalancing inadequate health budget and serving political power. Thus, using and interdisciplinary approach, we argue why the concept of empathy in medicine needs to be reviewed under the light of phenomenology and progress in line with second wave of medical humanities; put philosophy at its core to once again integrate proper understanding of the patient with the concept of medicine .
Sadegh Shahriar; Iraj Nikseresht
Abstract
. Astronomers in later periods of Islamic astronomy were more influenced by Avicenna’s natural philosophy, So they used the basics of natural philosophy in astronomical theories. This prompted them to try to replace the Equant model proposed by Ptolemy with new models. Muslim astronomers and philosophers ...
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. Astronomers in later periods of Islamic astronomy were more influenced by Avicenna’s natural philosophy, So they used the basics of natural philosophy in astronomical theories. This prompted them to try to replace the Equant model proposed by Ptolemy with new models. Muslim astronomers and philosophers were interested in considering the spheres as material bodies and sought the cause of phenomena in philosophical discussions. But Ptolemy used his models only in explaining the universe in his book, Almagest. And his aim was not to find the cause of the motion of the planets and spheres. Astronomers' philosophical beliefs about the motion of the spheres can be seen in other topics, such as the material of the spheres, their simplicity, and the type of motion they all have. These views are due to their interest in finding the cause of the planets' motion. Ali Qushji lived in the last years of the astronomical period in Islamic civilization. He wanted to save the phenomena instead of finding the reasons for what happened. Because he was distrustful of astronomical theories.
Mahnaz Farahmand
Volume 5, Issue 10 , March 2016, , Pages 65-80
Abstract
As a controversial notion, realism has always been a major concern of philosophers of science and experts in the field of sociology of scientific knowledge. The main aim of this article is to review and study the two different approaches of Bhaskar’s concept of critical realism and Latour's realism. ...
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As a controversial notion, realism has always been a major concern of philosophers of science and experts in the field of sociology of scientific knowledge. The main aim of this article is to review and study the two different approaches of Bhaskar’s concept of critical realism and Latour's realism. Bhaskar argues that there is more ‘what is there’ than ’what is known’; there is more power to the use than application of power. Appealing Constructivism, Latour, in the opposite side, emphasizes making scientific facts thorough the process of scientific activity. In this paper, Latour and Bhaskar's main claims are illustrated in details, and also through a comparative study of their ideas, congruent and different aspects of their thoughts will be described.
Mehdi Golshani
Volume 8, Issue 15 , September 2018, , Pages 65-80
Abstract
From the view of Aristotle, Muslim philosophers and the Christian Philosophers of the middle ages, all sciences were under the umbrella of philosophy. But, after the development of modern science and the growth of empiricism, philosophy lost its glory and attention was given primarily to specialized ...
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From the view of Aristotle, Muslim philosophers and the Christian Philosophers of the middle ages, all sciences were under the umbrella of philosophy. But, after the development of modern science and the growth of empiricism, philosophy lost its glory and attention was given primarily to specialized sciences. But during the second half of the twentieth century, the defects of empiricism became apparent and several trends emerged:(1) Some scholars mentioned that science can’t answer all questions of human concern and there is a need for a more general framework.(2) There was a movement towards interdisciplinary studies, and there was a revival of philosophy among scientists.(3) Positivists spoke of unified science, i.e. all sciences could be reduced to a single science, e. g. Physics.(4) Many distinguished scientists mentioned that different specialties should be pursued under a holistic view, so they recommended to look for a worldview that works as an umbrella for all sciences.
seyedali kalantari
Volume 8, Issue 16 , March 2019, , Pages 65-84
Abstract
As moral principles constrain our actions normatively, distinguish them into correct and incorrect categories; according to normativity of logic thesis, logical principles constrain normatively our thinking and reasoning (e.g. see MacFarlane 2004; Steinberger 2017a, 2017b, 2017c). There are various formulations ...
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As moral principles constrain our actions normatively, distinguish them into correct and incorrect categories; according to normativity of logic thesis, logical principles constrain normatively our thinking and reasoning (e.g. see MacFarlane 2004; Steinberger 2017a, 2017b, 2017c). There are various formulations for the normativity in the literature which have been subject to sever debates in the last decades. In this paper I will consider such formulations on the basis of Harman's (1984, 1986) famous objections. Harman's strategy to criticize the normativity is try to justify the claim that there is no rational way to formulate the thesis. I will argue, however, that there is a plausible formulation for the normativity of logic thesis such that survives Harman's attacks. In the last step, I will explain the normativity of logic thesis, on the basis of the concept of belief. In order to do so, I will elucidate the normativity of belief thesis, and then argue that the thesis entails the normativity of logic thesis.
Rahman Sharifzadeh
Volume 2, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 69-91
Abstract
Kuhn argues that while revival scientific paradigms are incommensurable claims they are incompatible as well. This brings about a problem: how two incommensurable theories could be incompatible? Incommensurability entails that two rival theories should have different cognitive domain and taxonomic structure, ...
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Kuhn argues that while revival scientific paradigms are incommensurable claims they are incompatible as well. This brings about a problem: how two incommensurable theories could be incompatible? Incommensurability entails that two rival theories should have different cognitive domain and taxonomic structure, this expression then blocks the emergence of contradiction among statements. In this essay we intend to propose a semantic theory and distinct two kinds of incompatibility, sentential incompatibility and taxonomic structural incompatibility, and thereby attempt to defend incompatibility and incommensurability of paradigms.
Rahman Sharifzadeh
Abstract
Do Artifacts Have Morality?Bruno Latour and Technology EthicsIn this paper, discussing Bruno Latour’s concept of technological mediation, we will claim that according to three kinds of technological mediations there would be three kinds of relations between morality and technology; Technology ...
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Do Artifacts Have Morality?Bruno Latour and Technology EthicsIn this paper, discussing Bruno Latour’s concept of technological mediation, we will claim that according to three kinds of technological mediations there would be three kinds of relations between morality and technology; Technology is part of our ethical actions, we delegate some of our ethical actions to technology, and technology can create, or change, our ethically important intentions. We will then discuss moral responsibility. Separating responsibility from accountability, we will show that networked actions neither nullify human’s moral responsibility nor grant moral responsibility to technology, yet meaningfully, we can talk about ‘technology punishment’.
Seyed Ali Kalantarin
Volume 7, Issue 13 , September 2017, , Pages 73-85
Abstract
According to Russell’s (1905) definite description theory, the content of a sentence such as ‘the present king of France is bald’ can be presented by the logical form of the sentence, that is, ‘there is exactly one thing which is the king of France and the thing is bald’. ...
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According to Russell’s (1905) definite description theory, the content of a sentence such as ‘the present king of France is bald’ can be presented by the logical form of the sentence, that is, ‘there is exactly one thing which is the king of France and the thing is bald’. This paper has a modest aim to consider specific evidence against Russell’s theory. In order to challenge this theory, we will first argue that if one in a situation in which France does not have king asserts that ‘the present king of France is bald’ and in another situation one asserts the logical form of the sentence, our judgment will be different about their truth values (call it ‘the disparity problem’). We will then consider the question that whether proponent of Russell’s definite description can explain the disparity problem or not. On behalf of proponent of Russell’s definite description, and on the basis of Grice's (1970) distinction between speaker meaning and sentence meaning, we will propose an explanation for the disparity problem; it also should be mentioned that the explanation is already endorsed by some proponents of Russell’s definite description (e.g. Sainsbury (1979, 1991); Morris (2003)). I will however argue that the explanation is not plausible. My argument will leave Russell’s theory in an un-defensible position in the sense that it shows Gricean defense against disparity problem is not plausible.
Mahdi Moinzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 75-103
Abstract
Believing in a human will independent ‘essence’ for technology, will have far reaching implications for a thinker’s whole reflections on technology. Heidegger belongs to the camp of philosophers (so called ‘essentialists’) that believe in a such essence Until achieving to ...
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Believing in a human will independent ‘essence’ for technology, will have far reaching implications for a thinker’s whole reflections on technology. Heidegger belongs to the camp of philosophers (so called ‘essentialists’) that believe in a such essence Until achieving to the ultimate aim of his thinking about technology – getting rid of Gestell – Heidegger continues to emphasize on this essence. In this essay I at first will try to correspond the reasons that Heidegger holds in favor of attaining a essence by technology with medical technology. Then I will discuss those critical standpoints with which Heidegger’s view could be confronted them.
Mojtaba Jahangardi
Abstract
The subject of this article is to investigate and analyze how the concept of paradigm is used in social sciences. Therefore, the aim of the article is not to criticize Cohen's paradigm theory, but to criticize how the concept of paradigm is used in social sciences. In order to achieve this goal, several ...
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The subject of this article is to investigate and analyze how the concept of paradigm is used in social sciences. Therefore, the aim of the article is not to criticize Cohen's paradigm theory, but to criticize how the concept of paradigm is used in social sciences. In order to achieve this goal, several issues have been investigated by using the documentary method and using useful sources and researches: 1) conceptual examination of the word paradigm and its similarities and differences with other terms used in social sciences, 2) Expressing an outline of Thomas Cohen's scientific revolution theory and the place of the concept of paradigm in this theory to compare it with its place in social sciences; 3) Specifying some applications of the concept of paradigm in social sciences and criticizing them.
zohreh Abdekhodaie; ghasem purhasan; Ali Akbar Ahmadi Afarmajani; Hossein KalbasiAshtari
Volume 5, Issue 9 , September 2015, , Pages 79-100
Mohammad Ali Roozbahani; mahdi Moinzadeh
Abstract
Martin Heidegger's idea is a whole interconnected and the universality of it can be considered as a "philosophy of technology". The central concept of Heidegger's philosophy is Being, concealment and its concealment.His course of thought begins with a critique of metaphysics from Plato to Nietzsche and ...
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Martin Heidegger's idea is a whole interconnected and the universality of it can be considered as a "philosophy of technology". The central concept of Heidegger's philosophy is Being, concealment and its concealment.His course of thought begins with a critique of metaphysics from Plato to Nietzsche and it goes on to try to develop another kind of philosophy.Then, by way of metaphysics, it reaches Gestell.The " Gestell" absolute a horizon of the concealment of Being as the essence of modern technology, with its semantic synonymy in the sense of perfection and the end of metaphysics.The present study will reconstruct Heidegger's thought about the concept of "Gestell" and will show how his totality of thought can be regarded as a philosophy of integrated technology.As any regional interpretation of his views on technology will require consideration of the whole of his thinking.
Mahmoud Mokhtari
Volume 6, Issue 11 , September 2016, , Pages 81-98
Abstract
According to the traditional definition of knowledge, it seems that the epistemological analysis of error can be conducted through considering any defect in knowledge components: fault belief, false belief, and unjustified belief. However, the arising question is this: Which error is attributable to ...
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According to the traditional definition of knowledge, it seems that the epistemological analysis of error can be conducted through considering any defect in knowledge components: fault belief, false belief, and unjustified belief. However, the arising question is this: Which error is attributable to the believer? When is a believer blamed for possessing a fault or false belief? It seems that he is blameless if he has good reasons for believing that p, even though p is false. The aim of this article is to present an analysis of epistemic error in justification, in externalist reliabilism framework. Firstly, the capacity of chief theories in the general reliabilism is assessed for epistemic error analysis. These are the process reliabilism of Alvin Goldman and truth tracking theory of Robert Nozick. Afterward, the virtue perspectivism of Ernest Sosa is surveyed. This paper will argue that the safety principle, which is introduced as a necessary condition of knowledge by Sosa, is a defendable base for error analysis.
Ali Kavousi-rahim; Reza Kouhkan
Volume 7, Issue 14 , April 2018, , Pages 85-104
Abstract
Philosophy of science is the study of methods, assumptions and implications of science, while in this expression, the word “science” has attributed to physics, chemistry, biology, etc generally. Such attribution arises from a positivist point of view, in which traditional sciences such as ...
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Philosophy of science is the study of methods, assumptions and implications of science, while in this expression, the word “science” has attributed to physics, chemistry, biology, etc generally. Such attribution arises from a positivist point of view, in which traditional sciences such as alchemy has been ignored. Avoiding this presentism, the aim of present study is to investigate the foundations of alchemy of Hassan ibn Zāhed Kermāni, Persian alchemist of 8th/14th century. In spite of containing reasonable and coherent alchemical thought, his three alchemical compilations have been remained unknown yet. Identification of alchemy as the mesocosm (middle universe) is principal in his thought and specifically, appliance of this nomenclature formed his alchemy`s framework. In this article, first, we`ve presented some evidences from Islamic literature, other than Kermāni`s writings, implying the concept of middle being. Then we conducted a hermeneutic approach in which Kermāni`s text is used to interpret his four reasons for knowing alchemy as the mesocosm. In his opinion, alchemy has throughout homologies with mankind as the microcosm and also with macrocosm of the universe. Finally it is demonstrated that correlations between these tripartite configuration of Kermāni`s alchemical ontology, all are based on properties of four classical elements including earth, water, air and fire. In other word, role-playing of four elements within all these three realms validates the correspondence between them.
Khadijeh Hassan Beakzadeh; Seyed Hassan Hosseini
Volume 4, Issue 7 , October 2014, , Pages 87-107
Abstract
Salmon claims that explanation is an objective affair, and is nothing more than descriptive knowledge of the world. A criterion which Salmon provides for causal explanation as scientific explanation has two foundations: 1. Statistical Relevance; 2. Causal relation. In this paper, first, we will ...
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Salmon claims that explanation is an objective affair, and is nothing more than descriptive knowledge of the world. A criterion which Salmon provides for causal explanation as scientific explanation has two foundations: 1. Statistical Relevance; 2. Causal relation. In this paper, first, we will argue that the explanation includes both objective and subjective components and scientists use inference to the best explanation. Second, we will state that causation is an intellectual and philosophical affair so that necessity of causal relation is its result. Therefore there is no ontological status for the probabilistic approach of causality.
Parisa Saatchi Fard; Keyvan Alasti
Abstract
In all periods of history, human has been trying to "understand". In order to understanding the natural world, scientists first observe samples and then classify them based on similarity. To figure out the actions of people, the matter seems different. To achieve this, we need to understand the intentions ...
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In all periods of history, human has been trying to "understand". In order to understanding the natural world, scientists first observe samples and then classify them based on similarity. To figure out the actions of people, the matter seems different. To achieve this, we need to understand the intentions of people. Because intention has psychological nature, there is always a concern from empiricists that it may not be perceptible by third-person people. To some extent, many human actions are perceptible from a third-person point of view, and this causes them to be the subject of scientific investigations (with common scientific methods). However, there are cases that show the understanding of human activities from the third person of view has limitations.Stephen Grimm introduces a type of understanding and believes that by realising the specific goals of the person being understood as a desired action, we will achieve a deeper understanding. In this article, an attempt has been made to clarify the discussed issue first by proposing and interpreting Stephen Grimm's point of view, and then by proposing the problems and explaining the ambiguities of Grimm's idea, as an alternative formulation, we will show that the agent's decision for understanding or not understanding the actions of others, plays an important role. Empathy is known as a psychological capacity that can be understood in a different way by simulating the structure.Investigating and looking deeper into this issue will help us to judge it better as a method or an idea in social and human sciences.
Roozbeh Zare; Seyyed Hossein Hosseini
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 97-116
Abstract
The well-known American philosopher and theologian, William Lane Craig has been known as the reviver of a particular cosmological argument which he calls "Kalam cosmological argument". The main part of this argument is that the universe has some temporal beginning (temporal origination). To prove ...
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The well-known American philosopher and theologian, William Lane Craig has been known as the reviver of a particular cosmological argument which he calls "Kalam cosmological argument". The main part of this argument is that the universe has some temporal beginning (temporal origination). To prove this important premise of his argument, Craig appeals to four reasons two of which are a priori (philosophical) and two others are a posteriori (scientific). In the present article, after depicting the beginning of the universe as Craig thinks, one of his a priori arguments for this claim is introduced and assessed. Finally, the article comes to the conclusion that, though Craig's picture of the beginning of the universe is consistent and coherent, it is not able to prove that such a picture may be realized in the external world.
Gholamhossein Moghadam Heidari
Volume 3, Issue 5 , September 2013, , Pages 73-97
Abstract
Logicism is one of the important schools in philosophy of mathematics which reduce the concepts and propositions of mathematics into the concepts and propositions of logic. Bolzano was the pioneer mathematician who based mathematics on logic, and then Ferege continued this project through propounding ...
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Logicism is one of the important schools in philosophy of mathematics which reduce the concepts and propositions of mathematics into the concepts and propositions of logic. Bolzano was the pioneer mathematician who based mathematics on logic, and then Ferege continued this project through propounding a new version of logic. Ultimately, in the early decades of 20th century, this project was finalized by Russel and Withead. In this paper, I, attempt to review the historical development of logicism from Bolzano to Russel, and then through the examination of strengths and weaknesses of the project, I try to answer to this question: has logicism been satisfactory?
Saeed Masoumi; Mehdi Golshani; Mohammad Mehdi Sheikh Jaberi
Volume 3, Issue 6 , February 2014, , Pages 73-98
Abstract
Multiverse and resorting to anthropic principle or reasoning within the multiverse scenarios has recently appeared in some physical contexts. In this paper, we first distinguish three kinds of multiverse paradigms in Lagrangian formulation for physical systems. We argue that multiverse can be a classical ...
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Multiverse and resorting to anthropic principle or reasoning within the multiverse scenarios has recently appeared in some physical contexts. In this paper, we first distinguish three kinds of multiverse paradigms in Lagrangian formulation for physical systems. We argue that multiverse can be a classical effect, like the one appearing in string landscape, or a quantum effect, like the one in chaotic inflation models. We then critically review two arguments suggesting the necessity of abandoning the observability and/or testability criteria in the multiverse. We argue that such a viewpoint is not justified, as the characteristic feature of scientific knowledge is its experimental/observational confirmation. Therefore, multiverse scenarios can enter the realm of scientific theories only after becoming a testable theory. We also introduce a criterion for testability.
Morteza Sedaghat Ahangari Hossein Zadeh; Maryam Sadat Javadiun Esfahani
Volume 2, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 75-96
Abstract
Usually The Structure of Scientific Revolution is known as a turning point in the philosophy of science. However, rather than Kuhn, there have been other philosophers who have tried to shed light on infirmity points of empirical philosophies, some of them have even tried to suggest alternative solutions. ...
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Usually The Structure of Scientific Revolution is known as a turning point in the philosophy of science. However, rather than Kuhn, there have been other philosophers who have tried to shed light on infirmity points of empirical philosophies, some of them have even tried to suggest alternative solutions. Michael Polanyi is one of these latter philosophers who, just before the publication of The Structure, has brought ideas so similar to those of Kuhn's, in his philosophical works especially in his Personal Knowledge. These similarities are so much that Kuhn has even been accused to plagiarism on Polanyi's opinions. In this paper, we are going to take this case into consideration by studying certain historical evidences which imply such an influence; comparing the original texts of their books; and finally, bringing what others have said in this regard. On the other hand, such a consideration can provide us an opportunity to know Polanyi better, especially his metaphysics which is radically different from Kuhn’s.
Ehsan Kordi Ardakani
Volume 4, Issue 8 , March 2015, , Pages 75-91
Abstract
In his Scientology, Avicenna introduces medicine as a sub-discipline of natural wisdom. Medicine of Avicenna is influenced by his own philosophy. Avicenna, as a philosopher-physician, has used of his philosophical views throughout his medical works. He also at several positions from the book of Law (Ghanoon), ...
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In his Scientology, Avicenna introduces medicine as a sub-discipline of natural wisdom. Medicine of Avicenna is influenced by his own philosophy. Avicenna, as a philosopher-physician, has used of his philosophical views throughout his medical works. He also at several positions from the book of Law (Ghanoon), refrains from entering into philosophical discussions, and indicates that these issues should be discussed elsewhere, i.e. in philosophy. This shows that Avicenna although cares to separate philosophical and medical problems, but indorse that medicine cannot be understood without the metaphysical foundations. This paper, through referring to the application of some philosophic principles in his medicine, argues that Avicenna’s medicine needs his philosophy.
saeid zibakalam
Abstract
Evaluating the conformity of Newton’s methodological statements with his actual practice of science is the prime goal of this article. The importance of the question is that despite much researches about Newton’s scientific method in the last quarter of a century, there is still not even ...
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Evaluating the conformity of Newton’s methodological statements with his actual practice of science is the prime goal of this article. The importance of the question is that despite much researches about Newton’s scientific method in the last quarter of a century, there is still not even a rough picture of what that method looks like. I have surmised that part of the explanation for this inscrutability lies in the fact that Newton’s words and deeds may, for good reasons, be on the whole not quite coherent. Thus, I want to raise and answer this question: Is it possible that a large share of the inscrutability of Newton’s method rests on the fact that some of Newton’s proclaimed methodological rules do not quite cohere with his practiced rules. But more so, in some cases, these two kinds of proclaimed and practiced rules may simply be inconsistent. For this, I have mainly relied on scrutiny of Newton’s two classic works, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and Optics, and some of his relevant correspondence.
Maryam Ghasemi Naraghi
Volume 5, Issue 10 , March 2016, , Pages 81-96
Abstract
رایجترین نظریهای که آغازگر بحث تبیین در قرن بیستم است، نظریهی قانون فراگیر تبیین، شامل دو الگوی قیاسی- قانونی و استقرایی- آماری است. کارل همپل بیان دقیقی از ایدهی ...
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رایجترین نظریهای که آغازگر بحث تبیین در قرن بیستم است، نظریهی قانون فراگیر تبیین، شامل دو الگوی قیاسی- قانونی و استقرایی- آماری است. کارل همپل بیان دقیقی از ایدهی تبیین علمی را که توسط هیوم و میل صورتبندی مبهمی داشت، به تصویر میکشد. نقدهای جدی که در نیمهی دوم قرن بیستم درخصوص این نظریه مطرح شد، راه را برای نظریههای دیگر گشود. الگوی وحدتبخشی تبیین که طرح اولیهی آن توسط مایکل فریدمن مطرح و توسط فیلیپ کیچر توسعه یافت، از مهمترین این الگوهاست. بنابر رویکرد کیچر علم، فهم ما نسبت به جهان را به کمک وحدت بخشیدن پدیدههای مختلف افزایش میدهد. وحدتبخشی در چارچوب معرفت علمی، با به حداقل رساندن شمار الگوهای استنتاج و به حداکثر ارتقا دادن شمار نتایج تولید شده، بهدست میآید. در این جستار با شرح و بازسازی الگوی وحدتبخشی تبیین، نشان خواهیم داد این الگو برخی از مشکلات سنتی مدل قانون فراگیر را حل میکند. کلید واژهها : تبیین علمی، مدل قانون فراگیر، الگوهای استدلال، وحدتبخشی، قدرت تبیینی
Seyed Esmaiel Masoudi; Seyed Saied Zahed Zahedani
Volume 8, Issue 15 , September 2018, , Pages 81-108
Abstract
Objectivity, as the ideal of science, especially human science, is criticized by Gadamer because it constructs an alienated experiment in human and causes an ontological obstruction. This ideal stems from the superiority of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason on modern science and also negligence of language ...
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Objectivity, as the ideal of science, especially human science, is criticized by Gadamer because it constructs an alienated experiment in human and causes an ontological obstruction. This ideal stems from the superiority of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason on modern science and also negligence of language by Western philosophical tradition. Although Dilthey attempted to provide a special place for human science using linguistic and hermeneutics tradition, due to his Cartesian foundations, and his instrumentalist attitude toward historical language and consciousness, he suffered from subjectivism and considered human science truth-less as Kantian aesthetic judgment. Rereading artistic experience and historical experience in Kant and Dilthey, and using Heidegger’s and Hegel's philosophy and also attending to the ontology of language, Gadamer organized hermeneutic experience so that its ideal is not objectification process, but the emergence of the subject itself in the language, and this is Sachlichkeit that is the disclosure of the subjectivity of subject or the objectivity of object.
mahdi Ashoori; seyed mahmod taheri
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, , Pages 83-101
Abstract
Recent works in the philosophy of science have generated an apparent conflict among theories attempting to explicate the nature of scientific representation. On one side, there are what one might call ‘mapping’ accounts, which emphasize objective relations (such as similarity, isomorphism, ...
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Recent works in the philosophy of science have generated an apparent conflict among theories attempting to explicate the nature of scientific representation. On one side, there are what one might call ‘mapping’ accounts, which emphasize objective relations (such as similarity, isomorphism, and homomorphism) among representations (theories, models, simulations, diagrams, etc.) and their target systems. On the other side, there are what one might call ‘inferential’ views, which emphasize agent’s roles in connection with these targets, such as interpretation and inference. In this paper we will examine the role of the principles of statistical inference in statistical modeling such as agent’s activities. There are three paradigms in statistical inference. The question is whether the representation of statistical models is sensitive to agent’s paradigm-choosing or not?
