mostafa taghavi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 1-14
Abstract
In the first of this three-part article, Feyerabend’s anarchistic theory of knowledge is briefly introduced. Here I explain why he is opposed to logical positivism, Popper’s philosophy of science, Lakatos and even Kuhn, and why he believes that science is not superior to other cognitive traditions. ...
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In the first of this three-part article, Feyerabend’s anarchistic theory of knowledge is briefly introduced. Here I explain why he is opposed to logical positivism, Popper’s philosophy of science, Lakatos and even Kuhn, and why he believes that science is not superior to other cognitive traditions. Feyerabend emphasizes that ‘Anything goes’ is the only undying principle that can be derived from real science. The first part of the article paves the way for the clarification of the meaning of this key sentence in the third section. In fact, the first part should be considered as a representation of Feyerabend’s anarchistic thoughts. The second part, which presents the main idea of the article, explains that Feyerabend's anarchistic theory has its roots in his view on ‘being’, ‘man’ and ‘theory’. These three categories are closely interrelated: Man develops theories through which understands being. The second part, which describes the background of Feyerabend's anarchist theory, also indicates that the origins of his philosophy are not so much anarchistic. In the final part, some of the most important corollaries of Feyerabend’s thoughts such as ‘proliferation and tenacity’, ‘free society’ and ‘the difference between the respectable thinkers and inferior ones’ will be addressed.
rasol jafarian; eiraj nikseresht; abdollah farrahi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 15-36
Abstract
Al-Kindī was the first major product of the transition from theology to philosophy, relying on the works of the Aristotelian school, attempted to provide a defensible worldview against the imported ideas to Islam. He considered the first philosophy as most prominent science and he believed that proof-based ...
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Al-Kindī was the first major product of the transition from theology to philosophy, relying on the works of the Aristotelian school, attempted to provide a defensible worldview against the imported ideas to Islam. He considered the first philosophy as most prominent science and he believed that proof-based sciences provide certainty. Using the concept of ‘invention’ in explaining the beginning of creation, he believed in the theory creation from nothingness, the finiteness of time and place, and, consequently, the contingency of the universe and of what is beyond God. He believed that there were two types of transitional movements: circular and straight; he saw the movement of spheres of the first type and the movement of the four elements of the second type. The theory of four elements in the al-Kindi’s intellectual system, especially in the natural sciences, was of particular importance. This theory was not only of a special focus in the natural sciences, but al-Kindi even tried to extend it to didactic knowledge and to make a relationship between the elements and music. He maintained the centrality of the elements and their characteristics in optics, and considered the existence of non-transparent element of soil as the cause of the different colors in the natural world. He believed that there is a tendency in the elements, from soil to water, of being spherical (the most complete form), and he considered the universe spherical in the middle of which earth is placed, the sphere of constants was the last one and there was nothing beyond it.
Ata Heshmati; Meysam Sefidkhosh
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 37-59
Abstract
In this essay, at first, we will discuss Heidegger's notions on the main crisis of Western academy raised after the First World War. Heidegger thinks that this crisis is the effect of "theoretical approach" dominated by natural sciences which transmitted to other disciplines. Secondly, the Heidegger's ...
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In this essay, at first, we will discuss Heidegger's notions on the main crisis of Western academy raised after the First World War. Heidegger thinks that this crisis is the effect of "theoretical approach" dominated by natural sciences which transmitted to other disciplines. Secondly, the Heidegger's analysis on the basis of the theoretical approach is examined and we argue how a theory is primarily derived from 'live situations' in the way of de-vivification and formalization processes. These subjects can be studied by emphasis on the Freiburg 1919 lecture-courses. Young Heidegger believes that science is a life practice that based on an existential encounter with the world. In this context, every scientific practice must be viewed and interpreted in its life-context. The theoretical encounter originated in a pre-theoretical encounter. Drawing on a schematic figure, it will be examined clearer, by which to a certain degree we can show the process of construction of the theoretical something from a situational something.
mojtaba zareei
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 61-82
Abstract
In modern times, human beings have witnessed some changes including a disassociation between natural sciences and humanities. In this course, natural sciences, with a focus on such disciplines as mathematics, physics, and chemistry became the queen of human knowledge. That the sciences have enabled ...
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In modern times, human beings have witnessed some changes including a disassociation between natural sciences and humanities. In this course, natural sciences, with a focus on such disciplines as mathematics, physics, and chemistry became the queen of human knowledge. That the sciences have enabled human to get benefits from nature has led to the prevalence of the idea that they can be applied to other areas of knowledge such as human-related sciences, that’s why what today is called ‘methodological unity’ emerged during this period. ‘Sensory experience’ is the only appeal natural sciences recognize, and this experience is the basis of truth. Sensory experience in naturalist thoughts is a special and unique phenomenon and thus their results can’t be extended to the other events of future. On the other hand, disbelieving in generalizability will undermine the conditions of law in these thoughts. But providing a unique perception of time and its relation with mankind, and also believing in a set of general and universal principles that have been laid down in human nature, nativisitc thought dispels the fundamental contradictions of the philosophies stemmed from natural sciences.
mahdi Ashoori; seyed mahmod taheri
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 83-101
Abstract
Recent works in the philosophy of science have generated an apparent conflict among theories attempting to explicate the nature of scientific representation. On one side, there are what one might call ‘mapping’ accounts, which emphasize objective relations (such as similarity, isomorphism, ...
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Recent works in the philosophy of science have generated an apparent conflict among theories attempting to explicate the nature of scientific representation. On one side, there are what one might call ‘mapping’ accounts, which emphasize objective relations (such as similarity, isomorphism, and homomorphism) among representations (theories, models, simulations, diagrams, etc.) and their target systems. On the other side, there are what one might call ‘inferential’ views, which emphasize agent’s roles in connection with these targets, such as interpretation and inference. In this paper we will examine the role of the principles of statistical inference in statistical modeling such as agent’s activities. There are three paradigms in statistical inference. The question is whether the representation of statistical models is sensitive to agent’s paradigm-choosing or not?
sajad malmir; alireza mansouri
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 103-123
Abstract
Quantum non-locality phenomenon indicates that there are superluminal causal relations among entangled quantum particles. One way to explain this phenomenon is Tachyonian model. In this approach, superluminal particles (Tachyons) are the causal relational mediators of space-like points. It seems that ...
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Quantum non-locality phenomenon indicates that there are superluminal causal relations among entangled quantum particles. One way to explain this phenomenon is Tachyonian model. In this approach, superluminal particles (Tachyons) are the causal relational mediators of space-like points. It seems that Tachyons are compatible with the space-time structure of special relativity; there are good evidences for this, but the problem is that just some of Tachyonian models are able to explain the quantum non-locality. Because of its ad hoc-ness and having strange metaphysical implications, a Tachyonian model doesn’t offer a good explanation for the quantum non-locality. However, this model has provided, as its good feature, a research program for Physicists.
saeid masoumi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2017, Pages 125-155
Abstract
Having considered those positions in which it seems quantum mechanics conflicts with scientific realism, we will show that through taking the stance most philosophers of science currently have on the concept of realism, and if one takes this realistic stance about scientific theory, one can have a realistic ...
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Having considered those positions in which it seems quantum mechanics conflicts with scientific realism, we will show that through taking the stance most philosophers of science currently have on the concept of realism, and if one takes this realistic stance about scientific theory, one can have a realistic view about quantum mechanics. Regarding to the scientific and the philosophical literature on quantum mechanics we may distinguish three kinds of scientific realism of which just two kinds conflict with quantum mechanics. So in one sense quantum mechanics is compatible with scientific realism
