نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار فلسفه علم گروه مطالعات نظری علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران.

10.30465/ps.2024.48497.1716

چکیده

اکنون چند دهه است که شاکله‌های مراکز تعالی (قطب‌های علمی) به‌مثابه ابزارهایی سیاستی برای نیل به اهدافی مشخص رواج یافته‌اند، و مراکز تعالیِ متعددی با کارکردهای مختلف تأسیس شده‌اند. این مراکز زمینة بسیار خوبی را برای همکاری‌های پژوهشی، به‌ویژه همکاری‌های میان‌رشته‌ای، فراهم می‌کنند که برای نوآوری‌های مأموریت‌گرا به‌منظور حل چالش‌های اجتماعیِ عمده ضروری‌اند. با این حال، مراکز تعالی با چالش‌های مهمی نیز روبه‌رو هستند. به طور خاص، با وجود این‌که مراکز تعالی ابزاری برای شکل‌دهی جرم بحرانی از پژوهشگران برجسته هستند، که این به طور خاص برای حل چالش‌های عمده ضروری است، اما تشکیل این جرم بحرانی به طور مؤثر در این مراکز با موانعی روبه‌رو است. هم‌چنین، به نظر می‌رسد مراکز تعالی در خلاف جهت ارزش‌های یکسان‌نگرانه‌ای عمل می‌کنند که در فعالیت علمی نیز اهمیتی ویژه دارند. در این مقاله، پس از بحث در مورد مفهوم تعالی و دسته‌بندی، شیوه‌های تشکیل، تأمین مالی، و مبنای استدلالیِ مراکز تعالی، به دو مسألة کلیدیِ جرم بحرانی و یکسان‌نگری در ارتباط با این مراکز پرداخته می‌شود. سپس، با الهام گرفتن از ساختار شبکه‌های تعالی، شاکله‌ای برای مراکز تعالی پیشنهاد می‌شود که به‌واسطة ایجاد شبکه‌ای از پژوهشگران از مؤسسات مختلف برای کار در یک حوزة پژوهشی یا حل یک چالش اجتماعی، دو مسألة فوق را به میزان قابل‌قبولی مرتفع می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Research Centers of Excellence, Networking, and Addressing Two Issues

نویسنده [English]

  • Hamed Bikaraan-Behesht

Assistant Professor of Philosophy of Science, Department of Theoretical Studies of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Science Policy Research Center, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

It has been several decades since the center of excellence (CoE) schemes, which are policy instruments for achieving specific goals, have been developed, and several CoEs with different functions have been established. These centers provide suitable environments for research collaborations, especially interdisciplinary collaborations, which are essential for mission-oriented innovations for addressing the grand societal challenges. However, CoEs are faced with serious problems. One problem is that, although these centers aimed to create a critical mass of top researchers, which is essential to tackle the grand challenges, there are barriers to doing so. Besides, it seems that CoEs are in opposition to the value of equity that are important in scientific activities. In this paper, after discussing the concept of excellence and the classification, ways of establishing, funding, and the rationale for centers of excellence, I will discuss the two issues of critical mass and equity. Then, inspired by the structure of networks of excellence, I will propose a CoE scheme that can address both issues by establishing a collaborative network of researchers from different institutes to work in a research area or to tackle a societal challenge.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • center of excellence
  • critical mass
  • mission-orientation
  • networking
  • equity
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