نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

همکار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور

چکیده

این مقاله با اندیشیدن به شان معرفت‌شناختی ابزارهای علمی به مناقشه‌ی واقع‌گرایی علمی می‌پردازد. ادعای اصلی مقاله این است که یک دیدگاه منظرگرایانه و در عین حال واقع‌گرایانه قادر است نقش ابزارها در علم را توضیح دهد. در این راستا، منظرگرایی ابزاری تعریف، و از آن در برابرِ این سه نقد دفاع می‌شود: 1- منظرگرایی به نسبی‌گرایی می‌انجامد، 2- این دیدگاه منظرگرایانه که ابزارها بخشی از واقعیت را بازنمایی می‌کنند پیش‌پاافتاده است، 3- این ادعای منظرگرایانه که ابزارها شفاف نیستند یا پیش‌پاافتاده یا غیرقابلقبول است. در پاسخ، بر اساس مفهوم «قوّت» از نسخه‌ای واقع‌گرایانه از منظرگرایی دفاع می‌کنم، و چنین استدلال می‌کنم که منظرگرایی دلالت‌هایی جالب توجه برای تکثرِ بازنمایی‌های علمی و همچنین برای آموزش علم به عموم دارد. به علاوه، توضیح می‌دهم که دیدگاه (پسا)پدیدارشناختی درباره‌ی «میانجی» می‌تواند این ادعا را که ابزارها شفاف نیستند روشن کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Perspectivism of Scientific Instruments

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahdi Khalili

Reserch Fellow of National Reasearch Institute for Science Policy (NRISP)

چکیده [English]

This paper addresses the scientific realism debate by giving thought to the epistemic status of scientific instruments. The paper claims that a perspectivist yet realist view is capable of explaining the role of instruments in science. Thus, instrumental perspectivism is defined and supported against the following three criticisms. 1- Perspectivism leads to relativism. 2- Perspectivists’ view that instruments represent reality partially is trivial. 3- The perspectivist claim that instruments are not transparent is either trivial or unacceptable. In response, I defend a realist version of perspectivism on the basis of the concept of “robustness”. I also argue that perspectivism has interesting implications for the plurality of scientific representations and for teaching science to the public. Furthermore, I explain that the (post)phenomenological account of “mediation” sheds light on the assertion that instruments are not transparent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Scientific Instruments
  • Realism
  • Perspectives
  • Robustness
  • Pluralism
  • Mediation
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