نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

* استادیار پژوهشکدة مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، شهید بهشتی

چکیده

در این مقاله دو دیدگاه عمده که فلاسفة علم از قرن بیستم تاکنون در مورد نظریه‌های علمی داشته‌اند معرفی خواهد شد. این دو دیدگاه یکی «دیدگاه متداول» یا رویکرد نحوی به علم است، و دیگری دیدگاه معناشناختی به نظریه‌های علمی است. با این حال عمدة تمرکز این مقاله در معرفی دیدگاه معناشناختی به علم خواهد بود. رویکرد اول اکنون چندان طرف‌داری در میان فلاسفة علم ندارد و عمدتاً متعلق به پوزیتیویست‌های منطقی بوده است. دو اشکال عمدة این دیدگاه، یکی غیرعملی بودن صورت‌بندی نظریه‌های علمی در زبان منطق مرتبة اول است و دیگری ارائة تبیینی نامناسب از مفهوم مدل و کاربرد آن در علم است. ملاحظه خواهد شد که با معرفی مفهوم ساختار و نسخه‌ای از دیدگاه معناشناختی که داکوستا و فرنچ ارائه می‌دهند، که در آن از مفهوم صدق جزئی استفاده می‌کنند، بسیاری از مشکلات دیدگاه متداول از جمله دو اشکال فوق برطرف خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quiddity of the Scientific Theories?

نویسنده [English]

  • Saeed Masoumi

Assistant Professor at The Institute for Research in Science and Technology Studies, ShahidBeheshti University

چکیده [English]

In this paper two viewpoints about scientific theories will be introduced. These two viewpoints are: 1- received view and 2- semantic view about scientific theories. It should be emphasized that our major focus is on the semantic view to scientific theories. The first one, now, does not have any considerable adherents and mainly logical positivist philosophers were its defenders. The received view has two important problems: 1- it is highly impractical that we want to formalize the scientific theories in the first order logic language and 2- its characterization of role and status of models in the scientific theories is inappropriate. We will notice that the semantic view, in particular the version that da Costa and French introduced, by its use of structure, can dissolve these problems and many problems that this view is involved with and this approach is in agreement with what scientists do in reality, in particular physicists try to model natural phenomena.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • scientific theories
  • received view
  • semantic view
  • structure
  • partial truth
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