Emad Tayebi; Alireza Mansouri
Abstract
The ontological problem of technical artifacts is: what makes an object count as a technical artifact? Most theories have investigated the ontology of artifacts in terms of ‘function’. A group of these theories has highlighted the physical structure of the artifact because of its causal role ...
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The ontological problem of technical artifacts is: what makes an object count as a technical artifact? Most theories have investigated the ontology of artifacts in terms of ‘function’. A group of these theories has highlighted the physical structure of the artifact because of its causal role in realizing the function; Others, taking ‘function’ and ‘intention’ the same, have emphasized agents’ intention in the design and use of artifacts. Some have considered the evolution of artifacts, their history of selection and reproduction, to be effective in the constitution of their ontology. Due to the shortcomings of causal, intentional, and evolutionary theories, attempts have been made to present hybrid theories. This paper, along with an overview and evaluation of the most important theories of the ontology of technical artifacts, aims to spell out the problems which any adequate ontology of artifacts needs to answer.
Zahra Zargar
Abstract
“Gender” has a transformative nature in both its conceptual and practical aspects. As a result of changes in the material conditions of human life and social contracts, gender issues vary over time and across cultures and societies. In recent centuries, “technology” has been one ...
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“Gender” has a transformative nature in both its conceptual and practical aspects. As a result of changes in the material conditions of human life and social contracts, gender issues vary over time and across cultures and societies. In recent centuries, “technology” has been one of the major sources of change in human life, that mutually has affected gender issues and is affected by them. Exploring the mutual relation between technology and gender is a field of research that places in the overlap area of Technology Studies and Gender Studies. This paper focuses on the technology’s impact on the transformation of gender in both its conceptual and practical aspects. To this end, Verbeek’s post-phenomenological theory of “Mediation of Technology” from Philosophy of Technology, and Stoljar’s “Cluster Paradigms of Womanhood” from Metaphysics of Gender are appealed. It is suggested that using these theories provides a comprehensive and subtle theoretical framework for analyzing and exploring varieties of technology’s mediation in gender transformation.
ahmad rahmanian
Abstract
The theory of technological embodiment is the first contribution of philosophy to technology. In order to elucidate how the theory evolved historically, this paper first offers a theoretical framework with respect to the stages, approaches, and components of the theory. Next, different accounts of the ...
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The theory of technological embodiment is the first contribution of philosophy to technology. In order to elucidate how the theory evolved historically, this paper first offers a theoretical framework with respect to the stages, approaches, and components of the theory. Next, different accounts of the theory are reconstructed according to the proposed theoretical framework. And finally, based on a comparative study of the accounts, the paper draws new conclusions concerning how the theory evolved historically, suggesting a divergence among contemporary accounts in terms of the (1) components, (2) direction, and (3) basis or cause of the human-artifact relation; this divergence seems to be the effect of a different interpretation on human, not on technology, offered by phenomenology when compared to that of the earlier philosophies.
saeedeh Babaii
Abstract
Mankind has turned to technology to solve many of its problems. Although technology has been effective in solving many of these problems, it has also caused some crises. Hence, some philosophers have been reflecting on technology and have examined the cause of technology crises and the ways out of these ...
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Mankind has turned to technology to solve many of its problems. Although technology has been effective in solving many of these problems, it has also caused some crises. Hence, some philosophers have been reflecting on technology and have examined the cause of technology crises and the ways out of these crises. One of these philosophers is the American philosopher, Albert Borgmann. Borgmann proposes his idea of focal things and practices to solve technological crises. This paper examines this idea and its criticisms. Then, we evaluate Borgmann's responses to these criticisms, and finally, by categorizing these criticisms and responses, we identify the gaps in Borgmann's theory
Ali Paya; alireza mansouri
Volume 8, Issue 16 , March 2019, , Pages 131-158
Abstract
There is a significant conceptual difference between science and technology. Epistemologically, the so-called 'applied science' is a redundant concept; it can be included under the category of technology. In this paper we discuss, from a philosophical point of view, some of the reasons for the conflation ...
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There is a significant conceptual difference between science and technology. Epistemologically, the so-called 'applied science' is a redundant concept; it can be included under the category of technology. In this paper we discuss, from a philosophical point of view, some of the reasons for the conflation of science and technology. We shall further argue that such a conflation is not only an epistemological mistake, it also has many undesirable conceptual and practical consequences which impact on epistemological investigations as well as policy making in the fields of science and technology.There is a significant conceptual difference between science and technology. Epistemologically, the so-called 'applied science' is a redundant concept; it can be included under the category of technology. In this paper we discuss, from a philosophical point of view, some of the reasons for the conflation of science and technology. We shall further argue that such a conflation is not only an epistemological mistake, it also has many undesirable conceptual and practical consequences which impact on epistemological investigations as well as policy making in the fields of science and technology
Alireza Monajemi; Hamidreza Ayatollahy; Mehdi Moinzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 6 , February 2014, , Pages 99-118
Abstract
Medicalization is a term for the process by which medical definitions and practices are applied to behaviors, psychological phenomena, and somatic experiences which previously were not within the conceptual or therapeutic scope of medicine. There have been two distinct main approaches to medicalization. ...
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Medicalization is a term for the process by which medical definitions and practices are applied to behaviors, psychological phenomena, and somatic experiences which previously were not within the conceptual or therapeutic scope of medicine. There have been two distinct main approaches to medicalization. The first was a Marxist critique of medicine as authoritarian and imperialistic, while the second was a critique of the expanding role of medicine in the social control of deviant behavior. This article contends that none of these approached could explain medicalization comprehensively. The main thesis of this paper is that medicalization as a technology could be an alternative. In this paper, this thesis will be examined in the light of Heidegger’s, Bergmann’s and Feinberg’s philosophy of technology.
Mahdi Moinzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 75-103
Abstract
Believing in a human will independent ‘essence’ for technology, will have far reaching implications for a thinker’s whole reflections on technology. Heidegger belongs to the camp of philosophers (so called ‘essentialists’) that believe in a such essence Until achieving to ...
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Believing in a human will independent ‘essence’ for technology, will have far reaching implications for a thinker’s whole reflections on technology. Heidegger belongs to the camp of philosophers (so called ‘essentialists’) that believe in a such essence Until achieving to the ultimate aim of his thinking about technology – getting rid of Gestell – Heidegger continues to emphasize on this essence. In this essay I at first will try to correspond the reasons that Heidegger holds in favor of attaining a essence by technology with medical technology. Then I will discuss those critical standpoints with which Heidegger’s view could be confronted them.
